all things are made of atoms. the basic working arrangements of atoms is molecules. chemist tends to think in terms of moleculs and not elements (like a writer think of words and not letters). and elements itself are built by atoms which are very small, numerous and practically indestructible. John Dalton is the man responsible for introducing the Atomic theory.
but, since Dalton couldnt proved the existance of an atom.. his theory remained purely hypothetical. (nah... remember arrr.. itu buku si dalton tu kena published back in 1808). only in 1905, when Einstein gave the evidence of atom's existance in his paper about Brownian Motion (itu gerakan zarah Brown). (tapi, pada masa itu, c Einstein was so into Relativity Theory sehingga dia tidak memberi tumpuan yang banyak on strenghthening the Atomic Theory)
Ernest Rutherford came to Cambridge Univ in 1895, he's a genius physicist (he's bad at math though..). then he moved to McGill univ in Montreal where he conducted the experiment of firing alpha particles to a sheet of gold foil. (bah.. sepatutnya.. all the particles akan menembusi that thin sheet of gold foil, but ada particles yang bounced back) why bounced?, it must hit something small but dense area. therefore, Rutherford concluded that, an atom is mostly an empty space with a dense nucleus at the centre. that presented another problem, by all the law of conventional physics, atom couldnt exist..(but, Rutherford did manage to conclude that an atom have a dense nucleus)
(bah kenapa pula tidak boli exist?)
Lets see atom the way we knew it now. 3 subparticles that built an atom: Proton (+ve) + neutron (neutral) = nucleus. and electron (-ve) moving around nucleus. the number of protons give an atom its identity(1 proton = hidrogen, 2=helium... and so on). the number of electrons give it personality (hidrogen with no electron = positively charge: Cation). (vitty, you have the image of an atom with electron orbiting the nucleus of proton and neutron? allalallalala... yang macam sistem solar tu bah..) if you believe that thing... delete that now! because electron move not in an orbit like the solar system... its more like in a blade of a moving fan (sentiasa ada di sekeliling nukleus. bah.. ni yang akan kasi bingung kita pasal kedudukan elektron nanti) therefore the s, p, d, f orbitals..
but before that, i go back to the problem Rutherford encountered after his finding. by the law of conventional electrodynamic, electrons that move around (flying) around nucleus couldnt stay that way for a long time. it will lose its energy and collapsed. and how protons, positively charge can pack together? (it suppose to repel each other kannn?). he cant explain it..
i'll continue tomorrow... mau balik sudah ni..(actually, i want to arrange the facts in a more sensible manner, and sorry i didnt get to your schrodinger theory yet.. we will come to that tomorrow hopefully)..
2 comments:
i like the way u explain it. my lecturer somehow only give the general information regarding on the postulates without telling us why and how atom behave such a way in such condition.. the WHY factor is not emphasized.. and its limit our imagination. bukan senang maw baca and tangkap concept. so for the the process of introducing us to atom generally failed. I know somehow we have to read juga. but to gain our curious and interest failed. thanks for the information.. would like to get some more... ^^
glad you like it..bah, drop by here jak untuk top up... ahaks! it was true, Rutherford was a genius in Physic, but every times he gave lecture and tried to do calculations in front of his students... he ended up so confused and kasi suru student kira sendirik! (you can always goggle up to find his biography and i assure you, he's one of those genius who worked hard to earned his reputation)
btw, he got his Nobel Prize in 1908 in chemistry (not physics).. he's famous for saying "all sciences is either physics or stamp collecting" nah! ambil kau! the biggest blunder of his life... i guess..
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